Monograde
Monograde engine oil has a single SAE viscosity grade such as SAE 30, 40 or 50, with no viscosity improver additive to widen its operating range.
Monogrades are still specified for a number of applications: older engines designed before multigrades became standard, some agricultural and construction equipment, stationary engines and generators, certain transmissions and hydraulic systems on older plant, and small air-cooled engines. Because there is no polymer viscosity improver to shear down in service, monograde oil holds its viscosity more predictably under sustained high load, which is one reason it persists in constant-speed industrial duty.
The trade-off is cold-start performance. A monograde thick enough to protect at operating temperature will be slow to circulate on a cold morning, so it suits warm climates and steady-duty machines rather than stop-start road use. Available in 5L, 20L and 210L packs.
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